“The Internet of Things” describes physical objects, electronic and wireless, that are connected to the worldwide network. A solution that allows countless intelligent applications in our professional or personal lives.
They have invaded our homes and also our businesses: connected watches, shoes, glasses, clothes, various pieces of geolocated equipment fitted with sensors, … High-tech objects, also called intelligent objects, are now an integral part of our daily lives. They can share information via the network with a computer, a tablet or a Smartphone, and they are capable of receiving signals and commands and collecting and analyzing data and acting according to that data and with the environment in which they evolve.
More specifically, any autonomous electronic object with a connection and communicating on a network is considered as a connected object. The miniaturization of programmable electronic components now allows us to imagine a countless number of applications, whether in daily life or in companies: tracking a parcel in real time, state of health of a patient at distance, energy performance of a building, etc.
American consultancy and research company Gartner estimates that 26 thousand million connected objects will be in service two years from now and that an inhabitant of an industrialized country will then be in contact with some 1 000 to 5 000 connected objects in a single day. A colossal market that will require a perfect command of its associated technologies.
Using sensors, connected objects can record a mass of information in real time (temperature, pressure, vibration, light, movement, …) and increase considerably the data bases of the companies that use them. A dedicated protected network also allows simple, fast setup, avoiding consequent investment in infrastructure.
When it comes to connected objects, everything counts: the size of the object, its useful life, its energy consumption, its autonomy, its resistance to the environment in which its evolves (indoors or out), the sensitivity of the sensor, etc. But also, of course, the embedded software, which is itself specific to each type of use and plays the part of conductor of the orchestra of the whole ecosystem of the object. The programming of the electronics defines not only the way in which each electronic component must behave, when and in what conditions, but also the way in which it must connect itself up to the network.
Although guided by the embedded software, access to the network also requires choices made with consideration of several factors, such as the amount of data to send, the frequency, the cover zone or the size of the components. The setting up of the right communication protocol and protected integration in the network is the final step in a successful connection. Security is an extremely important part of the ecosystem of a connected object. It guarantees its correct functioning while preventing unauthorized access to sent information.
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